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?????や汉浜?锛???澶╂??涓?娴?椋?浜?锛?浜烘???﹀?绁哥???锛?????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋?????姝ｅ??虹??姝ｅ?浜?杩?涓ゅ?ヨ??璇??????ф??绋?绗???风??搴?瑷???杩帮???????????瀹?????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋??? ?风???锛?(1)??瀛︼?(2)缁?璁??╃??)瀛︼?(3)?鸿?锛?(4)瀹?瑙??╃??瀛︼?(5)??瀛???瀛︺???惰??锛?浠?1935 骞村勾搴?寮?濮?1937骞磋揪?伴?娼?????涔????扮?╃???????????╁?戒?浠垛??浠ュ??绱ф?ヨ???ョ??????琚???锛?澶уぇ骞叉?颁???绋????虹??(????琚?????????浠ュ??浠?涓?杩?涓??浠剁???崇郴灏??ㄤ互??????绔?涓?氦浠???1935 骞村?锛???????绉????硅???绌舵??寮??や????瀛ｆ??灏????洪?圭炕??1937 骞村??浠?涔???绌舵??澶ч????灏????濮?锛????剁?寮???灏?绉?澶???寰???????????＄???锛??ㄥ?＄???浠绘???跨??????绉?瀛﹂?㈢?╃???????绌舵????浠荤??璁洪?ㄤ富浠伙?涓?骞翠???锛?浠?浜?1938 骞? ??28 ?ヨ????ョ?憋?杩?涓???浜?浠朵娇寰???绋???姝ｅ??虹????寰??伴?鹃??????
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?? 1940 骞村?虹????????瀛︺??绗??????????椤靛????椤?br />
????????涓恒????瀛︺??绗????????搴?瑷??ㄤ互????????腑???????帮?涓????扮??涔﹀??浣?涓洪??褰????虹?????????板????绗????搴????跺?????????繁?ㄧ?涓???涓???????涓???瀵艰?(?胁械写械薪懈械) ????搴?瑷?(??械写懈?谢芯胁懈械)??浠?????搴?瑷????瑰???澶??ㄤ?缃插??浠???????锛???涓????朵??烽?ｆ?锋??袱浣?浣????卞??缃插??锛?涓烘???涓??ㄦ??杩?涓??瑷????????? ??0)??搴?瑷?????涓?娈靛????锛?????功????璁叉??杩??ㄨ?绋?璁茬ǹ????灞?锛????辨???????瀛ｆ??灏????哄?卞???寸????涔︾???????剧?讹?????骞舵病????姝ｆ??????褰???浣???涔?涓???
?????????虹?卞??锛?寰?蹇??ㄨ?娴???璁轰腑??寰???澶х??达?1940 骞村?＄????存?ョ??????澶???淇★?璇㈤?????︽????????涓鸿????绉?瀛﹂?㈤?㈠＋????浜猴?骞跺?ㄤ??ㄥ??寮?濮?姝ｅ?????7)??????????澧??????瑰??锛?????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋??????虹??涔???寰?椤哄?╄捣?ャ??璧跺??941骞? ??寰峰?芥?瑗挎????惰???????涔???锛????鸿?????绗????寰?浠ュ?虹??(??1)??绗?????????鸿????藉????283椤碉?浣?瀹???????ㄩ?ㄧ?圭?佃?峰?ㄧ??绌轰腑???靛?ㄥ??瀛﹀??骞夸??稿?璁虹??涓板???瀹癸??惰〃杈炬?瑰?浠ユ??灏?浣??ㄥ????涓虹翰锛?????涓?甯?锛?棰?涓烘?伴?????????功??涓烘??绋?涓?户??缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︺??涔??????╄?璇?涓鸿?辨????涓??枫??
????1941 骞? ??寮?濮???浼?澶у???芥??浜?澶уぇ寤惰?浜???绋????虹??锛??ㄦ??浜???绱х????骞撮??锛?????????澶?腑?规???ㄧ???╃???????绌舵???句?????????ｈ?冲???圭????灞憋?绉?瀛﹀?虹???烘????涔???椤裤???惰??锛?姝ｆ???ㄨ????存??????涓?浜?涓??介?蹭换?℃???崇????璁虹??绌讹?澶уぇ?╁?浜???繁????绌堕???锛?姝ｅ??涓哄?姝わ?1944 骞磋???浜????ュ??涓恒??寮规?х??璁恒??????娴?浣??ㄥ??瀛︺??涓ゅ?风????杩?缁??璐ㄥ??瀛︺??(??2)锛?杩???功涓?浼?缁?????璁烘??绉?涔︿???锛?????????с??璧风??????杞版尝浼?????婵?娉㈠???轰?纰版??绛?瀹?????瀹癸????蜂??笺??
????1943 骞磋????绉?瀵?寮?濮??告??ㄧ??绌讹??ㄩ?瀵艰?????告??ㄧ??绌剁??搴?灏??版??澶??㈠＋??澶?娆″己??瑕?姹???????涓?锛?寰?寰?楂?灞?????锛?????浜?1946 骞村?????ヤ?淇?瀵??ф??楂????????歌?????绌讹?骞朵?褰?骞磋???涓鸿????绉?瀛﹂?㈤?㈠＋??涔???????绌舵?告??ㄦ????琚???浜???瀹???绔???????绀句?涓讳??冲?ㄨ?遍??绉板?凤???澹板ぇ????浠?涓?浠?浠?1947骞磋捣?ㄨ?????澶у?璁叉???╃??锛???绋????虹??涔?浠?姝よ??ラ『椋???锛??哥户浜?1948 骞村?虹??浜?????瀛???瀛︹?????稿?璁虹??璁恒??(??3)浠ュ?????鸿??????╁??绗??????1951 骞村?虹??浜??烘????????版?瑰??????缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︺??( ??4)??1953 骞村?虹??浜?澶т负澧?琛ュ??????杩?缁??璐ㄥ??瀛︺??澧?琛ョ?浜???????缁?涓?骞寸???﹀??㈢（锛?浜?1957 骞村?虹??浜????风?硅?茬????杩?缁??璐ㄧ?靛?ㄥ??瀛︺??(??5)???虫?锛????????ヨ??????卞???? ?风??????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋????や?绗? ?峰?缂虹?浜??ㄥ?????稿?璁洪??瀛???璁恒??涔?澶?锛?搴?褰?璇存???烘?????浜???姣?璧锋????姣??蜂功???板?锋?板?????ワ??????虹????????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋??????版?扮??澧?锛?????瀛???瀛︺??绗???????版?颁负15000 ??锛???缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︺???扮???版?颁负10000 ??锛???杩?缁??璐ㄧ?靛?ㄥ??瀛︺??????3000 ??锛????????浜?1959 骞撮???颁?12000 ??锛?瓒宠??跺??娆㈣???绋?搴︺??绗???????澶ч?╁?藉???惧?ㄨタ??涓??戒功搴??变???涓?姣??辫喘寰?涓???959 骞撮???扮???т功锛????т负璇?(??6)??
????1958 骞存????瀵广????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋??????虹??椤哄?浣?浜????板???锛??冲???绋??? ?风???锛???1)??瀛︼?(2)?鸿?锛?(3) ??瀛???瀛? ???稿?璁虹??璁?锛?(4)?稿?璁洪??瀛???璁猴?(5)缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︼?(6)娴?浣??ㄥ??瀛︼?(7)寮规?х??璁猴?(8)杩?缁??璐ㄧ?靛?ㄥ??瀛︼?(9)?╃???ㄧ??瀛?)??浠?姝わ???绋????板?????虹??杩??ユ?伴?舵?锛??剁???????板??灏??????虹??绗? ?峰??绗? ?凤?瀵瑰凡?虹????1??2??3??5??6??7??8 ???峰??浠ュ?琛ャ????????????瀛︺??1958 骞村?虹??9)锛??扮??浣????㈡??浜?????????澶?腑?癸?1960 骞村?虹??浜????鸿???绗???????惰??锛?灏卞?ㄤ?浜哄??瀹?????瀛???瀛????稿?璁虹??璁????扮??搴?瑷???1962 骞???锛??鹃?鹃??涓达??????ㄥ?绘??甯?绾崇????涓??轰?杞︾ジ锛?缁??㈡?????界?朵?浣??у?斤?浣?宸叉??娉?浠?浜??╃??宸ヤ?????绋???缁х画?虹??浼间???复缁?璺????抽???跺?伙???澶?腑?逛互??浜虹??姣???????褰?绮剧?锛???7骞寸???堕?寸?浜?灏?????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???杩?搴т赴纰?????瀹??村缓??锛?浠や?浜烘???广??
????03 ??澶?腑?瑰???绋?????绉?濂???br />
????????杞︾ジ涔???锛???涔???????浜洪?借?涓猴?灏??????虹??绗?????绗??涓ゅ?蜂??????藉?虹??锛?????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???涔?灏卞氨姝ょ???浜???
?????ㄦ??抽???跺?伙???澶?腑?硅〃?板?烘??浜虹??姣???????褰?绮剧?锛?浠?涓?瀹?涓や釜?冲?锛?涓????濡??㈠??扮户缁??琛????风??????锛?浜????冲??????板????涓??峰??瀹???浠?1963 骞村?濮?锛??哥户????浜?????瀛???瀛? ???稿?璁虹??璁???????缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︺??????寮规?х??璁恒??10)???扮????姣?涓??烽?介??浜?涓???棰??茬??灏?濂?锛?棰?涓烘?︾????7)???扮???版?版?存????绾???颁???锛?????瀛???瀛????稿?璁虹??璁????扮??绔??朵?娆″?颁?70000 ??涔?澶???
??????7 1958 骞翠互??????????绋?1??2??3??5??7 ??br />
?????板????绋?灏??????虹??涓??锋?????ф??楂?锛???澶?腑?圭??缁у??兼????ㄥ?ㄤ??????????ㄦ?????ㄥ?粹??????浜?涓???骞崇???╃??瀛︺??涓?涔︿腑锛??惧???澶?腑?逛负姝ゆ?????扮????绉??伴?炬????????5]锛? 浠ヤ??ュ??涓?浜???
????棣????????╁???肩????浣?????涓轰?淇?璇??板???风??绉?瀛︽按骞充???浣?锛?涓烘?板??绗????蜂?棣??????轰???浜?浠???涓鸿????绉?瀛﹂?㈤?㈠＋??寮?寮?浼??╀?路??澶?腑?瑰??浣?锛?????浠ョ簿?????ュ悍???堕?村?????????濠???锛?浠?缁ц???剧簿????瀛??靛?ㄥ??瀛︾?????ㄥ?寮???娲?杈????猴????????轰???缃插????濮???瀛?姣?椤哄???搴?涓哄??浣??′欢锛???澶?腑?逛??芥?ュ????涔???浠??????︿?浣?甯?寮????????疯?ㄥ?烘???哄??浣?锛???????????澶?腑?圭讲???ㄥ????浜?浜哄??瀹??卞???????疯?ㄥ?烘??渚?浠?涓??垮?娉藉??╁??????????瀛??靛?ㄥ??瀛︺??11)涓????ュ共绔?????淇????????璇风????跺か???烘?板???︿?浜????????锛??????辨??澶?腑?规??诲苟瀹?绋匡????朵互姝ゆ?瑰?涓??虹??绀剧?绾︺??缁???灏卞?ㄧ????风?涓??????冲?浠??颁??讹????????疯?ㄥ?虹??跺???︼?????瑕???濮???瀛?姣?椤哄?缃插??锛?杩?浣垮???澶?腑?瑰????娌?抚??浣?涓轰???绋??介『?╁?虹??锛?涓?寰?涓??ュ??浜?杩?绉???娉?(??8?充晶)??
??????8 ????绛惧????????绗????风????椤垫?峰?
?????︿?涓??伴?炬???寰??版????瀵瑰??板???????风??ユ????????澶?腑?广????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋?????璁稿????宠??????ㄨ?村?虹??绀剧??涓?灏?????涔︿?绛惧??锛??????ㄨ?浜??风????椤靛乏绔???????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???涔?涓??虹?版????????瀛???杩?浠剁???ュ????骞冲父??浜???锛??变?????澶?汉绉???路寰风?????濞???骞叉?帮???寰?????妫????????ユ????浠??婚?㈠??瀹跺??锛???瀚?濡????ュ?蹇?????寮虹??绉?????褰卞????????锛???寰?涓???澶?腑?瑰?夸?涓ょ?锛?涓?浠?涓?璁告??澶?腑?规?ヨ?锛????充?璁镐汉?ㄤ??㈠????璧锋??澶?腑?圭????瀛????ㄨ??风??褰㈠?夸?锛???澶?腑?硅?藉?杈辫???锛???????寰???????绛惧??锛?瀹?灞?涓???12)????绋???绗????风??绗????????绗???????????1968 骞村??1971 骞村?虹??锛???椤佃?璁′?濡?缁?????绛惧????绾﹀?(??8宸︿晶)13)??
????缁х????蜂???锛???澶?腑?圭害璇风????跺か????4)?卞???板??浜????锋????绗? ?枫??缁?璁＄?╃??瀛?I????绗?0?枫???╃???ㄧ??瀛︺??锛??????1978 骞村??1979 骞村?虹??(??9)???虫?????浠?1935 骞村?濮?绛?????????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋??????峰???跺????浣?骞达?缁???瀹?????
??????9 ?辨??澶?腑?逛富???板????????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋?????涓??蜂功????甯??????︾??冲??淮濂????瀛ｆ??灏????烘??澶?腑?瑰???????疯?ㄥ?虹????跺か????br />
???????瑰?″?ㄧ邯蹇垫??澶?腑??0 瀵胯景????绔?涓?????锛?????澶?腑?逛??村??ㄥ??褰╃?т汉?????????村奖涓????????ㄤ??烘?叉?ㄧ???借?杞?????锛?浜轰滑????瑙ｄ?浠??ㄦ?板??????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???涓?????姝ｄ??ㄣ??1962 骞? ??7 ?ユ????????杞︾ジ锛?姝ゅ??瀹??ㄦ??娉?宸ヤ???姝ゆ?舵??绋?灏??????锛?10 ?蜂腑杩???涓??锋病?????猴??翠??ㄨ?澧?璁㈠?????朵????风??宸ヤ???蹇?椤绘?胯?锛?涓?姝㈡??涓?涓?汉褰??惰?涓烘??绋?涔?灏卞???藉?姝わ?姘歌?涓?浼?瀹???浜????惰??锛???澶?腑?瑰?村???轰????朵??????冲?锛?浠??辫垂浜?澶?骞寸???跺??锛?涓?????跺か???轰?璧?杩?????涓??板??绗????风?????????疯?ㄥ??锛?瀹???浜???绋????板?????虹????搴?璇ヨ?????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???????澶?腑?逛翰??涓鸿??繁寤洪????涓?搴х邯蹇电?????[6]
?????㈠?杩?搴х┖????涓?寰????界?????绾?康纰?锛?缁??板???寤虹????绋?锛???浠???戒?瀵硅?浜?????????????浜?绾?康纰?淇?缓????杈?浠???婊″??????锛?骞舵案杩?璁颁?浠?浠?????瀛?锛?浠?浠????????(1908??1968)??甯???????1906??1938)??缃??冲??淮濂?(1905??1937)?????瀛ｆ??灏?????1909??1993)????澶?腑??1915??1985)?????????疯?ㄥ??1913??1977)??????跺か????1933?? ) (??0)??
??????0 ?板??????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???????杈?浠?br />
????1) 杩?娈佃??????扮??浜哄????涓哄??舵????????璁虹?????浜哄??锛??朵腑???瀛ｆ??灏????烘????淇??????舵??澶卞?荤?舵????瑰お瀛ゅ?匡??ㄨ??缁村???垮?????瀛ゅ?块?㈤?垮ぇ锛?1930 骞翠???灏?绉?澶?ぇ瀛︽?涓????颁????扮?╃????????绌舵??宸ヤ?锛????充??????典互??????绔?涓??浼?璇︾?浠?缁???
2) Ya.A.??????????轰?????????瀛︾??锛?????????43 浜哄??????绗?锛?涓???????????????瀛??哥??璁鸿?涔???(1955 骞??????浠?灏辨???骞村?ㄦ??甯?绾宠?????稿???绌舵????????璐ｅ?ㄥ????伐浣????ｄ???璁虹?╃??瀛﹀???
3) 澶╂??????璁虹?╃??瀛﹀?椹??圭淮路甯??????︿?骞镐?1937 骞村?ㄦ??ぇ?????ㄧ????澶ф?娲???杩??ㄤ腑琚???锛?骞朵?1938 骞磋?澶??炽??
4) ?????????缃??冲??淮濂?1937 骞村?ㄢ??涔????扮?╃???????????╁?戒?浠垛??涓????骞惰?澶??筹?浣垮?杩?涓??棰??????界户缁????涓??汇?????ヨ?浜?涔?棰?灏遍?借?????般????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋????????蜂腑?讳???
5) ??涓恒??缁?璁＄?╃??瀛???绗??娆″?板?锋???????????????????璇??灏??ㄤ?涓?绡???涓?????璇???涓や釜??浜???涓??璇︾?璇存????
6) ?变?????????缁??荤?锛????瀛ｆ??灏????虹?村??955 骞存??瀹???浜??╁??0 骞村??灏卞?璇ュ?????????澹????绛?杈┿??
7) ?＄???璇风????㈠＋浠ｅ??浜??ㄨ??????涓鸿????绉?瀛﹂?㈤??璁??㈠＋???ㄨ??淇★?浣??变?褰?骞磋????绉?瀛﹂?㈡病??澧?琛ラ?㈠＋锛????????????1946骞存?????????璁??㈠＋?舵??存?ュ???涓鸿????绉?瀛﹂?㈤?㈠＋??
8) 1975 骞存??澶?腑?瑰??????跺か???哄?ㄤ慨璁㈤??????缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︺???讹??冲?灏???缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︺????涓轰袱?凤?澧?????????瀛?娑蹭???缁?璁＄?╃??瀛︾???兼???芥?版?规????炬???????瀹圭??涓??蜂负??缁?璁＄?╃??瀛?I??锛?缃?????╃???ㄧ??瀛︺??涔???锛?浜????ㄦ??绋?????灏辨??涓虹??0 ?风?????
9) 1946 骞寸????㈠＋?ㄣ???╃??瀛︽??灏便????蹇?????瀵规?????????瀛ｆ??灏????哄??????????瀛︺??浣?浜?璇?璁猴?骞舵???哄????硅???1958 骞寸??????瀛︺??瀵圭??????硅???????搴???
10) ??娴?浣??ㄥ??瀛︺??????杩?缁??璐ㄧ?靛?ㄥ??瀛︺?????????堕?村??????986 骞村??1982 骞淬??
11) ??懈械蟹械? ?. ?., ?械?械??械?泻懈泄 ?. ?. ?胁邪薪?芯胁邪? ?谢械泻??芯写懈薪邪屑懈泻邪锛?肖懈蟹屑邪?谐懈蟹(?芯?泻胁邪锛?1957)
12) 绉???璇?姣???澶?腑?圭????瀹硅?绉?????繁??????蹇?褰??邪薪写邪?-??芯斜邪薪?械胁邪 ?. ?泻邪写械屑懈泻 ?邪薪写邪?. ?邪泻 屑? 卸懈谢懈. ?芯?锌芯屑懈薪邪薪懈?. ?.:?蟹写邪?械谢? ?邪?邪?芯胁, 1999, 2000??1935 骞达??ュ悍浠绘?х????????淇＄??????灏????瀛ｆ??灏????洪???哄????????蹇?杈辫???瀹???浜?????瀛︺????绋匡?33 骞村????浼ょ??????????淇″??浠??????辨??濂?绾︹????寰?绮剧????茬??濡诲?锛????涓???????澶?腑?圭???崇郴锛?????澶?腑?瑰?磋?蹇?杈辫???瀹????翠釜??绋?????浣?锛??虫?ヤ?绂?浠や汉??????
13) 1979 骞寸????峰?????讹???澶?腑?瑰??????跺か???哄???讳?绗???????????ュ共??瀹癸?灏?涓や釜??????涓?锛?涔﹀???便???稿?璁洪??瀛???璁恒???逛负????瀛??靛?ㄥ??瀛︺????
14) ??澶?峰郊寰?娲?缁村?路????跺か????955 骞存?涓?浜??ㄦ????澶?ぇ瀛︼???骞撮??杩?????????浣???搴﹁??璇?锛???????澶?腑?瑰????绌剁??锛?1990骞磋???涓鸿????绉?瀛﹂?㈤?㈠＋??浠??ㄥ???╂??澶?腑?圭??般????璁虹?╃??瀛︽??绋???涓??哄????澶?锛???澶?腑??985 骞村?讳???锛?浠?涓绘??浜???绋???????宸ヤ???
????????br /> [1] ?o?芯斜械? ? 小. ???谐 ?邪薪写邪?---?懈蟹薪? 谐械薪懈?.?蟹写邪?械谢??胁芯 ??小锛??芯?泻胁邪锛?2008. p. 53
[2] ?邪薪?泻 挟 ?. ? ? ?邪薪写邪? 懈 ? ? ???懈谐-芯??泻懈泄锛??芯锌?芯?? 懈??芯?懈懈 械??械??胁芯胁邪-薪懈? 懈 ?械?薪懈泻懈锛?1999锛?No 4锛?p79??101
[3] ?芯?械谢懈泻 ?. ? 锌?懈???邪??薪芯泄 懈??芯?懈懈?懈蟹懈泻懈 (泻 100- 谢械?懈? ?胁谐械薪懈??懈?邪泄谢-芯胁懈?邪 ?懈??懈?邪). 小械屑? ??泻????胁锛?No10(79)锛?芯泻??斜??锛?2016
[4] ??[1]锛?p.78
[5] ?o?芯斜械? ? 小. ???谐 ?邪薪写邪?--- 肖懈蟹懈泻邪 胁芯泄薪? 懈 屑懈?邪. ?蟹写邪?械谢??胁芯 ??小,?芯?泻胁邪锛?2009. p. 176??182
[6] Ginzburg V L. About Science锛?Myself and Others. IOP锛?2005. p. 289??290
